Many medications can cause kidney disease, including antibiotics, blood pressure medications, and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). The kidneys play a crucial role in filtering waste from the blood and regulating fluid balance. However, certain drugs can put extra strain on the kidneys, leading to kidney damage or worsening existing kidney disease. Explore which medications can exacerbate kidney disease, and which drugs can help treat the condition.
Medications That Can Cause Kidney Disease
Certain medications can negatively impact kidney function, especially when taken in high doses or over extended periods. Some common drugs that can lead to kidney problems include:
- NSAIDs (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) – Medications like ibuprofen and naproxen can reduce blood flow to the kidneys, increasing the risk of kidney damage when used long-term.
- Certain antibiotics – Drugs like aminoglycosides (gentamicin) and vancomycin can be toxic to the kidneys, particularly in people with pre-existing kidney disease.
- Blood pressure medications – While essential for managing high blood pressure, some ACE inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) can affect kidney function if not monitored properly.
- Diuretics (water pills) – These help remove excess fluid but can sometimes dehydrate the body, leading to kidney strain.
- Chemotherapy drugs – Certain cancer treatments can cause kidney toxicity, requiring close monitoring.
Medications Used to Treat Kidney Disease
For individuals diagnosed with kidney disease, medications can help slow progression, manage symptoms, and prevent complications. Some of the most commonly prescribed drugs for kidney disease include:
Blood pressure medications
High blood pressure is a leading cause of kidney disease. Medications like ACE inhibitors (lisinopril, enalapril) and ARBs (losartan, valsartan) are commonly prescribed to protect the kidneys by reducing blood pressure and decreasing protein leakage in the urine.
Phosphate binders
People with kidney disease often struggle to remove phosphorus from their blood, leading to bone and heart complications. Phosphate binders, such as sevelamer, lanthanum carbonate, and calcium acetate, help reduce phosphorus levels.
Erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs)
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) can lead to anemia, as damaged kidneys produce less erythropoietin (a hormone needed for red blood cell production). Medications like epoetin alfa (Epogen, Procrit) and darbepoetin alfa (Aranesp) help stimulate red blood cell production.
Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors
Drugs like dapagliflozin (Farxiga) and canagliflozin (Invokana) are newer treatments for diabetic kidney disease, helping lower blood sugar while protecting kidney function.
Diuretics
For patients with fluid retention, diuretics like furosemide (Lasix) and hydrochlorothiazide help remove excess fluid and reduce swelling.
Managing Medications for Kidney Health
If you have kidney disease or are at risk, it’s essential to:
- Use medications as prescribed and consult a doctor before taking over-the-counter drugs.
- Have regular kidney function tests to monitor the effects of medications.
- Stay hydrated to help flush out waste without overloading the kidneys.
Balancing Medication Use for Better Kidney Health
While some medications can harm kidney function, others play a vital role in managing kidney disease and slowing its progression. Understanding the risks and benefits of medications is essential for protecting kidney health.
Always consult with a healthcare provider before starting or stopping any medication, and prioritize regular kidney function monitoring to ensure proper treatment and care.
