Are you struggling with difficulty swallowing, chest pain, or food getting stuck? These could be signs of eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE), a chronic condition affecting the esophagus. Early detection is key to managing symptoms and improving quality of life. Learn more about EoE symptoms and explore potential treatment options today!
What Is Eosinophilic Esophagitis?
Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is a chronic immune-related condition that causes inflammation in the esophagus, the tube that connects your mouth to your stomach. It’s characterized by an abnormal buildup of eosinophils—white blood cells that trigger inflammation—due to an immune system overreaction. Over time, this leads to narrowing and stiffening of the esophagus, making swallowing difficult and uncomfortable.
Though EoE can affect people of any age, it’s increasingly diagnosed in both children and adults. It’s estimated to impact about 1 in 2,000 people and is considered one of the most common causes of swallowing disorders. While it isn’t life-threatening, EoE can drastically impact eating habits, nutrition, and overall quality of life if left untreated.
Warning Signs and Symptoms to Watch For
The most common symptom of EoE is difficulty swallowing, particularly with solid foods. Some people feel as though food is stuck or experience chest discomfort after eating. Others may need to drink large amounts of water just to swallow, and in more severe cases, food may get lodged in the throat and require emergency medical attention.
Symptoms vary by age. Children may show signs like poor weight gain, irritability, vomiting, or feeding issues. Teens and adults are more likely to report chest pain, regurgitation, or stomach discomfort. Feeling full quickly and avoiding certain foods are also red flags. Recognizing these symptoms early can help guide testing and lead to effective treatment before the condition worsens.
What Causes Eosinophilic Esophagitis?
The exact cause is unknown, but EoE is thought to be related to an immune system reaction to allergens and genetics. Common food triggers include dairy, wheat, soy, eggs, nuts, and seafood. Airborne allergens such as pollen may also worsen symptoms, particularly in the spring and summer months.
The immune system plays a central role in EoE, reacting aggressively to certain allergens and causing eosinophils to accumulate in the esophagus. This response leads to inflammation, which if untreated, can scar and narrow the esophagus. People with asthma, eczema, or a family history of allergies are at higher risk. Understanding the underlying triggers can be essential to forming an effective treatment plan.
How Eosinophilic Esophagitis Is Treated and Managed
EoE has no known cure, but treatments are available to manage inflammation and reduce symptoms. Topical steroids like budesonide and fluticasone are commonly prescribed to calm the esophagus. These medications are swallowed rather than inhaled and can reduce inflammation over time. Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are also used to lower stomach acid and relieve reflux symptoms.
For many, dietary changes are key. Your allergist may recommend removing specific trigger foods or trying an elemental diet made of liquid nutrients to allow the esophagus to heal. In severe cases, esophageal dilation may be needed to widen narrowed areas. New biologic drugs, such as Dupixent®, have shown promise and are approved to treat EoE by reducing inflammation at the immune system level. Your treatment plan will depend on symptom severity and known triggers.
Empowering Yourself With Early Awareness
Recognizing eosinophilic esophagitis early gives you the best chance at preventing long-term complications. Understanding your symptoms, identifying potential triggers, and exploring treatment options with a specialist can help you take control of your health. While EoE is a chronic condition, it can be managed successfully with the right approach. Don’t ignore persistent swallowing issues—your body may be signaling that it’s time to seek help.
